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{{churcht|ID=8592|img=no|dmodify=25.11.2006 13:14}}St. {{Организация| имя-ру-01 =Монастырь Сурб Тадевос | имя-ру-02 =Монастырь Святого Фаддея| имя-ориг =Սուրբ Թադէոսի վանք | имя-анг =Saint Thaddeus Vank (Aderbadagan. Iran) Церковь св.Татевоса (Адербадаган?)Monasteryhttp://armenianstudies.csufresno.edu/iaa_architecture/thaddeus.htm| имя-арм =Սուրբ Թադևոսի վանք| имя-фра =St. THADDEUS MONASTERY | состояние текста = 2| состояние поиска = 1Type: Monastic complex | состояние тэгов = 1Location: 20 km south of Maku (Iran, Western Azerbaidjan province, the Artaz area of the Vaspurakan province) | состояние ссылок = 1Date: 66 AD (according to the legend) | флаг чистовик =1Evidence for date<!-- Код организации: Historian Movses Khorenatsi mentions the monastery? existence in his writings of V century Important details: Massive but harmonious1 – Учебное заведение, surmounted by two pyramidal shaped cupolas (as if they were the two peaks of Ararat)2 – Общественная организация, the shorter of which has light and dark colored horizontal bands on the drum. State of preservation: Very good Reconstruction: Restored many times between 13th & 16th c3 – Библиотека, also in 17th & 19th c. More restoration works started in 1970. It is also under the protection of UNESCO? Institute of Preservation of Monuments of Tehran. History & commentary: The famous and marvelous monastic complex of St. Thaddeus is located in the mountainous area of western Azerbaidjan province in Iran4 – Музей, about 20 km (12 ? mi) south of Makou (the Artaz area of Vaspurakan province). It is perched on a mountain ridge beside a stream sunken into the rock5 – театр, thus giving it a natural fortified position. The outline of it, placed on gently rolling hills, stands out sharply against the vastness of the horizon. Sourb Thade (St. Thaddeus) or Kara6 -Kilise (the black church) as it is called by the people of Northern IranСМИ, forms a harmonious, integral part with its surroundings both in the material with which it is constructed, and in its form. The location of the monastery was surely chosen for strategic reasons, for it was built during a period when neighboring peoples seriously threatened it. The thick walls around the monastery, also, had an important defensive function during sieges, and the complex was built especially to withstand them. It is situated within a natural circle of mountains, a short distance from a river. Wells drilled within the enclosure guaranteed a water supply. The church was surrounded by vast, fertile fields, quite suitable for farming, and therefore capable of supplying food for both men and animals. The harvest was well protected in special storage rooms, thus enabling the monastery to keep its independence and relative security. Although it is not dated, according to the legend, the monastery was founded by Apostle Thaddeus (66AD) on the spot of a former pagan temple. Time after time it was destroyed by invasions, and struck by earthquakes, the most devastating of which occured in 1319. The monastery was rebuild, and further renewed and enlarged during the course of the following centuries. St. Thaddeus consists of two adjacent churches, a portico, numerous ancillary rooms (monks•cells, abbot? cells, work cells) lined up against a very massive surrounding wall, that? been fortified for defense purposes. Within the walled area there are two large interior courtyards. The first, to the west, seems to have been used for agricultural purposes, where the second encircles the two churches, the portico, and the cells. Two round towers protect the monastery? west side and soften the harsh outlines of the wall. A center opening made on west side is decorated with ornamental motifs and two khatchkars (stone crosses with intricate and decorative designs etched into the flat rock, like lacework) inserted into the masonry. This opening leads to the first courtyard where, in the South7 -East corner, are a series of rooms given over to the processing and preserving of agricultural produce. Among other things are found rooms equipped for oil making, a miniature windmill, an oven, and a fountain. A small door opens to the second courtyard where the monks•cells for living and working line the perimeter of the wall together with the abbot? rooms, the refectory, the kitchenЦерковь, and the facilities. The oldest building at the eastern end is a domed, central plan cruciform for the interior, and quadrangular for the exterior. On one side, the dome rests on the two pillars incorporated into the external western walls, which were later included in the eastern part of the central church. The later central structure, built in the 19th century, acts as the fulcrum of the entire composition because of the complexity of its mass and exceptional dimensions, thus extending the volumetric play of the older church. Located on the same longitudinal axis as the older church, this later one with its planivolumeric plan is reminiscent of the church of St. Etchmiadzin (niche8 -buttressed square plan) in Vagharshapat. This structureКоммерческая организация, built in 18119 -1820 in front of the former church, became the main church of the complex, and replaced and expanded the west side of the older one. Like the cathedral of Etchmiadzin, it has a square layout with four freeСпортивные организации -standing supports, but it has three apses instead of the usual four. Moreover, the west apse is reduced to make room for the portico (porch). Resting on cruciform free-standing pillars, the central arches support the cupola and the dodecagonal drum surrounding it externally. A pattern of pointed arches and pendentives in low relief rise above the arches, adding to the support of the upper structure. The portico, inserted at the point corresponding to the western exedra of the main church, was never completed and dates back to the middle of the 19th century. It probably was intended to have a second floor and a true bell tower. The portico? massiveness is lightened by little blind arches, decorative and geometric figures repeating those of the central church, to further unify the two parts of the complex. The element connecting the portico-bell tower and the church wall is missing>| код организации 1=7| сокращение =| изображение =Stvi2. The building technique of this section, partially demolished and partially unfinished, is typical of Armenian architecture with the external surface of the walls in ashlar stones, and the supporting section of the walls in roughly worked stone. From the outside, as well as from the inside, the three different constructive periods jpg| девиз =| вид заведения =| основание дата =| основатель =| руководитель =| местонахождение=Иран| филиалы =<!- the oldest church, the main church, and the portico-bell tower Церковь - are evident. The first of the three has smooth walls in gray-black tuff, from which its name Kara-Kilise (black church) is derived. Placed on the two><!-step high baseboard of the building are decorative half-columns with an unfinished baseКонфессии: 1 – Армянская апостольская церковь, more than likely remains of the first church destroyed prior to the 14th century. The roof has 2 layers of large stone shingles: the surface of the tympanum is carved with bas-reliefs– Армянская католическая церковь, some of which are in white stone, which can probably be attributed to restoration work done in later centuries. The twelve sided tambour is in alternating light and dark colored stones. Of particular interest are the three miniature models of the church placed at the vertex tambours bringing to mind the architectural structure of the Seljuk turbe, for instance, Mama Hatun of Derchan. The main church has a flat roof. The pyramidal cuspide rises above a twelve3 – другие церкви -sided tambour placed on a square foundation. The north and south exedrae are polygonal, exactly like the church of St. Etchmiadzin. Traces of foundations for two bell towers (that were never built) are noted in the roof. The church exterior is encircled by five decorative bands in alternating dark and light stone which gives a chiaroscuro effect to its entire mass and enhances the effect of the separation of the two cuspides with the use of rhythmic horizontal bands. Below, the decoration comprises the foundation, the first area of smooth stone, and then a series of panels with round, blind arches alternating with pointed ones, all resting on slender half-columns. Inside the panels are various decorative motifs such as rosettes, khatchkar, coats-of>| конфессии =1<!-arms, flowers and animal figures. Near the impost of the arches are winged cherubin heads, and statues of angels are placed in the corners of the church facade. Above this, finely sculptured, double band of bas-reliefsСостояние: 1 – действующая церковь, richly adorned with episodes from the Old and New Testaments, scenes with animal and human figures, goes around the entire church. Slightly higher, the panels, formed by half2 – церковь-columns surmounted by decorative capitalsпамятник , with mythical animals flanking their baseboards, are repeated. Inside the panels are bas3 – несохранившиеся церкви -reliefs depicting saints and other figures connected with the life of the monastery. Still higher up are isolated figures, and on the North and South facades, there are crosses designed in the wall with dark-colored stone. The relief figures in the main church are clearly inspired by the ones at Akhtamar (10th c). It is curious to note that the Saints at St. Thaddeus have no halos, due undoubtedly to a certain influence of Islamic art, especially in its Persian tradition, which must be recognized in the decoration of the monastery. The Monastery of St. Thaddeus has a surprising ethereal ambiance of a living presence within its walls. It must be due to this feeling that numerous pilgrims gather there each year for the traditional feast-day of St. Thaddeus (Sourb Thade)>| состояние =2Bibliography| епархия, приход =Indjidjian 1806-1 Indjidjian 1822 Sahxatuniants 1842 Eprikian 1903| адрес =Иран, 1-5 Strzygowski 1918Западный Азербайджан, 651-652 в 20 км от города МакуVoskian 1942, 457| телефон-500 факс =Adjemian 1959 | эл. почта =Kleiss 1967-| ссылка 1 =[http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F], 291[http://www.armenica.org/cgi-305 bin/armenica.cgi?=2=ba=1====baz0010===]Kleiss 1967-| ссылка 2, 72-75 =[http://armenianstudies.csufresno.edu/iaa_architecture/thaddeus.htm]| тэг 1 =Costa 1968-| тэг 2, 160-161 =Kleiss 1969, 101-114 Utudjian 1970 | тэг 3 =Documents of Armenia Architecture (S. Thadei•Vank, | тэг 4) 1971 Ghrigorian 1971, 14-15 =Kleiss 1971-2, 7-10 | тэг 5 =Meinardus 1971, 50-53 }}Scarcia 1972, 167-172 === Изображения ===Falamaki 1973, 23-26 <gallery>Изображение:Stvi3.jpgHaghnazarian 1973 Изображение:Stvi1.jpgAlpago 1977-2, 131 Изображение:Stvi4.jpgHaykakan Sovetakan Hanrag?taran (volume 4) 1978 Изображение:Stvi5.jpgKleiss 1981, 359-369 Изображение:Stvi6.jpgCuneo 1988, 504 Изображение:Stvi7.jpgThierry and Donabedian 1989, 308,311,493 imagИзображение:Stvi9.jpg</gallery>